Her Majesty's Secret Servant

 ALT.FAN.JAMES-BOND FAQ



 Last Updated January 21, 2007 / Created September 18, 1996

 Maintained by Ronald Miehls

 Based on the work by the original creators

 Panos Sambrakos, Bryan Krofchok, David C. Morefield,

 Deane Barker & James Rumley

 Foundation of this version of the FAQ made by previous
 caretaker Michael Reed

 Special thanks to Mac for multiple submissions

 Submissions by others credited where noted

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

 NOTE – You should use a MONOSPACED typeface setting to read this FAQ, so 
 the
 lists contained in it will line up properly.

 UPDATE(S) –
 Brief #2 Section 9 - Blofeld's voice in Thunderball
 Many text and grammar corrections throughout
 Reformatted the document

 Brief #1 – THE NEWSGROUP AND ITS FOCUS
 1 – This Newsgroup
 2 – Other Bond Newsgroups
 3 – The FAQ
 4 – The Character of James Bond

 Brief #2 – THE FILMS
 1 – The latest James Bond film
 2 – EON & its trademarks
 3 – List of EON's James Bond films
 4 – List of other James Bond films
 5 – The actors who have played James Bond
 6 – The actors who could have played James Bond
 7 – The actors who have played Felix Leiter
 8 – Repeat offenders
 9 – Over dubbing
 10 – Specific films FAQ
 A – Casino Royale – the television episode
 B – Casino Royale – the 1967 spoof
 C – Dr. No / Live And Let Die
 D – From Russia With Love
 E - Goldfinger
 F – Thunderball / Never Say Never Again
 G – On Her Majesty's Secret Service
 H – Diamonds Are Forever
 I – For Your Eyes Only
 J - Octopussy
 K – Licence To Kill
 L – Tomorrow Never Dies
 M – Die Another Day
 N - Casino Royale - 2006 EON Production
 11 – List of theme songs & artists
 12 – Soundtracks & scores
 13 – Bond meets an Oscar
 14 – What's in a name?

 Brief #3 – THE BOOKS
 1 – The latest James Bond novel
 2 – Ian Fleming
 A – List of Ian Fleming novels
 B – Stories to read in order
 C – Who wrote The Spy Who Loved Me?
 D – The Kennedy myth
 E – SMERSH
 F – SPECTRE
 G – Does Bond die in From Russia With Love?
 3 – Post-Fleming periods
 A – Kingsley Amis' novel
 B – List of the John Gardner novels
 1 – Stories to read in order
 C – List of the Raymond Benson novels
 1 – Stories to read in order
 D – Other Glidrose novels featuring Bond
 E – Reference books
 4 – Fan fiction

 Brief #4 – WHEN BOOK AND FILM INTERSECT
 1 – Films and books – links or broken links?
 2 – Explain the names "M" & "Q"
 3 – What other "00" agents are mentioned?
 4 – The Walther and other machinations
 5 – Bright Leiter

 Brief #5 – MORE SOURCES ON JAMES BOND
 1 – The websites
 2 – The fan clubs

 Your mission is to send in any corrections, questions or comments directly
 to the FAQ maintainer at miehls@bright.net.
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

 BRIEF #1 – THE NEWSGROUP AND ITS FOCUS

 If you are checking out the newsgroup, welcome. This is the official FAQ 
 for
 alt.fan.james-bond.

 1 – This Newsgroup
 Anything regarding James Bond is a valid topic here, including films and
 books, spoofs, actors, filmmakers and authors, collectibles, music, and on
 and on. The newsgroup has been the place for finding Bond information 
 since
 1992. As a result, you will find many of the denizens here have been
 acquainted for a while and have knowledge from the effortless to the 
 arcane.
 Do not be put off by this.

 Being a non-moderated newsgroup, the only way to fail to ingratiate 
 yourself
 is to troll or further trolling behavior, ask for everyone's "favorite" 
 this
 or that or to fail to check out this FAQ for the simple questions 
 contained
 herein. The FAQ does not aim to answer anything except FREQUENTLY asked
 questions. So if it is in here it has been asked before, repeatedly.

 2- Other Bond Newsgroups

 alt.fan.james-bond is NOT a binaries newsgroup and you should not post 
 large
 binary files. If you want multimedia files look for 
 alt.binaries.james-bond,
 which is the place to find them. If your news server does not carry it you
 might suggest to them to start doing so.

 3 – The FAQ
 David Marsh wrote version 1.0 of the FAQ in November 1994. From there, it
 became the purview of Panos Sambrakos and the others listed at the top of
 the document starting December 18, 1996. They maintained it until version
 5.0 was released October 13, 2000. Starting with version 2.2, the FAQ has
 carried the status of an "official" Internet FAQ. You are reading an
 original work based upon the previous incarnations.

 Micheal Reed was the previous caretaker and much of the work that he put
 into it is still here. This is the first FAQ that is no longer
 associated directly with MKKBB, http://www.ianfleming.org, the official
 web presence of the Ian Fleming Foundation for over ten years. Due to
 the editors private and professional lives pulling them into exciting
 and rewarding new directions, Panos Sambrakos informed
 alt.fan.james-bond that there would be no further updates to his website
 but all other content will be kept intact, a library to research the
 world of 007 before the time of Daniel Craig strapped on the PPK for
 his first turn James Bond in Casino Royale.

 With all endings come new beginnings as the Internet FAQ for
 alt.fan.james-bond finds a new "home" on Paul Baack and Tom Zielinski's
 website "Her Majesty's Secret Servant" www.hmss.com









 4 – The character of James Bond
 James Bond is a fictional British secret agent. He holds the "double-o"
 prefix, which gives him a licence to kill in the course of his duties for
 MI6. He first appeared in novel form in 1953, created by author Ian 
 Fleming.
 More information regarding Fleming and the books can be found in Brief #3,
 Sections #2 and #2A.

 Fleming based James Bond on an amalgamation of people he knew while in the
 Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, along with some of the exploits Fleming
 wanted to participate in himself. Fleming never got to spend much time in
 the field and unlike his creation's affinity for high stakes gambling,
 Fleming typically played for small change.

 The name of his handiwork came to pass by simple observation. His wife
 enjoyed a coffee table book entitled "Field Guide To Birds Of The West
 Indies". Fleming wanted a simple, straightforward name for his workmanlike
 agent. He saw the author of that book was an ornithologist named James 
 Bond
 and borrowed it. His character has no middle name. He later told the real
 James Bond that should a particularly foul species of bird be discovered, 
 he
 would graciously lend his name to it. The Bond film "Die Another Day"
 features the actual book and the agent posing as the ornithologist.

 He chose the "00" designation after a real life occurrence. During his
 Whitehall tenure he pursued secret documents prefixed with "00". 
 (Submitted
 by Rhino

 BRIEF #2 – THE FILMS

 While Ian Fleming's creation began as a pulp fiction hero, there can be no
 denying that it has been the big screen that has made James Bond among the
 most recognizable characters in history. The films rank among the most
 profitable and longest running for any series, and have made far more
 adventures for fans than any other in the last half-century.

 1 – The latest James Bond film
 "Casino Royale" was released November 17, 2006, the twenty first EON 
 release.
 New Bond with a new story line as it shows the early days of James Bond 
 and how he became a "00" agent.

 

 It bears repeating, you should NEVER expect to see Sean Connery, Roger
 Moore, or any previous leading man make a return appearance as a villain,
 family member or assistant to 007.

 Check 007 News
 <http://www.mi6.co.uk for further updates.


 2 – EON and its trademarks
 EON Productions, Ltd., is the maker of James Bond films, dating back to 
 the
 first silver screen effort in 1962. EON is supposedly an acronym of
 "everything or nothing". Producers Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli and Harry
 Saltzman formed the company in 1961. Saltzman sold out his shares in 1975,
 and passed on in 1994. Broccoli died in 1996 and Barbara Broccoli and
 Michael G. Wilson, daughter and stepson to Cubby, now run EON. While
 Broccoli was American and Saltzman Canadian EON is considered a European
 company since it is a subsidiary of Danjaq, S.A., and EON is a 
 British-based
 outfit. Danjaq is a contraction of DANa Broccoli and JAcQueline Saltzman,
 wives of the founding producers.

 As you will read in a bit, EON has not made every Bond film. But they have
 created the trademarks closely associated with Bond and have complete
 control over future Bond films.

 Among the trademarks are the distinctive James Bond theme song, to be
 documented in Brief #2, Section #11 A "The James Bond Theme Debate", and 
 the
 gun-barrel image opening every film. Please note it is not a camera 
 shutter
 or gun-sight, but a gun-barrel. Maurice Binder, who designed the majority 
 of
 the title sequences in the movies, also created the opening sequence,
 initially using a real gun-barrel opened to allow a camera to peer 
 through,
 with a gun from a Piccadilly shop.

 The sequence has been filmed a few times. The first one was in the first
 film, "Dr. No". However, it is not Sean Connery who turns and fires. 
 Working
 in a hurry, Binder used Connery's stunt double Bob Simmons. After that, 
 the
 actor portraying Bond did his own firing. Here is the list of gun barrel
 sequences.

 "Dr. No" – the original, with stuntman Bob Simmons doubling for Connery
 "Thunderball" – featuring Connery, shot in scope format like the film
 "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" – George Lazenby, dropping to one knee
 "Live And Let Die" – Roger Moore, for the first time
 "The Spy Who Loved Me" – Moore again, and again re-shot in scope
 "The Living Daylights" – Timothy Dalton's turn
 "GoldenEye" – Pierce Brosnan's debut, using a computer generated 
 gun-barrel
 image by Daniel Kleinman, who took over following Binder's death

 For final proof to naysayers, watch the opening of "GoldenEye"'s credits 
 as
 the theme song begins. The bullet is shown exiting the gun barrel.

 While it appears that the shot of the actor is the same, "Die Another Day"
 features a bullet from Bond's Walther going through the barrel.

 3 – List of EON's James Bond films
 Here is the chronological list of EON's James Bond films. Note that the
 release year of "Dr. No" shown below is for England; the film debuted in 
 the
 U.S.A. in 1963.

 TITLE YEAR STAR TIME ACRONYM
 ----- ---- ---- ---- -------
 Dr. No 1962 Sean Connery 111 DN
 From Russia With Love 1963 Sean Connery 118 FRWL
 Goldfinger 1964 Sean Connery 111 GF
 Thunderball 1965 Sean Connery 129 TB
 You Only Live Twice 1967 Sean Connery 116 YOLT
 On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1969 George Lazenby 140 OHMSS
 Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Sean Connery 119 DAF
 Live And Let Die 1973 Roger Moore 121 LALD
 The Man with the Golden Gun 1974 Roger Moore 125 TMWTGG
 The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Roger Moore 125 TSWLM
 Moonraker 1979 Roger Moore 126 MR
 For Your Eyes Only 1981 Roger Moore 127 FYEO
 Octopussy 1983 Roger Moore 130 OP
 A View to a Kill 1985 Roger Moore 131 AVTAK
 The Living Daylights 1987 Timothy Dalton 130 TLD
 Licence to Kill 1989 Timothy Dalton 135 LTK
 GoldenEye 1995 Pierce Brosnan 130 GE
 Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 Pierce Brosnan 119 TND
 The World Is Not Enough 1999 Pierce Brosnan 128 TWINE
 Die Another Day 2002 Pierce Brosnan 132 DAD
 Casino Royale 2006 Daniel Craig CR


 Posters in the newsgroup use the acronyms in the above list VERY 
 FREQUENTLY.
 You should become familiar with them quickly.

 4 – List of other James Bond films
 Some of the films featuring James Bond were made apart from EON. For an
 answer why, go to Brief #1, Section #10 and select the appropriate film.
 Here are the films in order of release date.

 TITLE YEAR STAR TIME ACRONYM
 ----- ---- ---- ---- -------
 Casino Royale 1954 Barry Nelson 60 CRTV
 Casino Royale 1967 David Niven 130 CR
 Never Say Never Again 1983 Sean Connery 137 NSNA

 5 – The actors who have played James Bond
 A few talented men have gotten to portray James Bond. We start with the 
 EON
 five, and then the others as well. Note that Roger Moore is older than 
 Sean
 Connery.

 A – Sean Connery, born August 25, 1930. Played Bond from 1962-1967, 1971,
 1983.

 A Scot with minimal credits to his name in 1962, he was handpicked by
 Broccoli and Saltzman to star in the first Bond motion picture. There is
 less dialogue for Connery than in future turns, and his name was not
 marketed particularly heavily in the release of either of the first two
 films. But Connery proved to be the perfect person to assimilate Fleming's
 cold warrior on screen. He was tough yet suave, strong yet smooth, and 
 able
 to appeal to both ticket buying genders.

 By the time of his fifth outing, "You Only Live Twice", the marketing
 machine said he "IS James Bond". While true in the public's mind, Connery
 tired of the constant pressure of the role and the potential to suffocate
 any other projects he wanted to be involved in. He left after 1967 and
 declined to appear in the sixth release. After a lackluster box office
 performance, EON prodded and finally got their star back for the seventh
 outing, "Diamonds Are Forever". Then Connery left once more, stating he
 would "never again" portray the superspy that he had made a phenomenon. 
 But
 he did come back for a reprise, in 1983's "Never Say Never Again". For the
 story on that film, see Brief #1, Section #10, E "Thunderball / Never Say
 Never Again".

 Connery has said in interviews that he is proudest of "From Russia With
 Love". However, he made a severe and nasty break from the Broccoli clan 
 and
 any thought of him returning to the EON series in any capacity is a pipe
 dream. Connery won an Academy Award for his supporting role in 1987's "The
 Untouchables". He is still an A-list box office draw to date and is also
 staunch in his support of his native Scotland. While he did not look like
 Ian Fleming's written character on the surface, he was impressive enough 
 to
 earn the ultimate praise. Fleming himself had his character assume some of
 Connery's roots in "You Only Live Twice". He told IMBD.com in 2002 that
 there is no chance of him returning to EON's series, particularly not as a
 villain. "Absolutely no way - I could never be an enemy of James Bond."

 B – George Lazenby, born September 5, 1939. Played Bond in 1969.

 The only Bond star to make a solitary film appearance, George Lazenby won
 the role after a worldwide search. He was actually an Australian wrestler,
 car salesman and model who excelled in physical presence and impressed the
 producers. But he was not prepared for the glimmer of fame and fortune 
 that
 came with the part.

 He was cast in "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", one of Fleming's most
 detailed and harrowing novels. It required more characterization than the
 typical Bond fare and Lazenby faced an uphill battle to achieve it. 
 Director
 Peter Hunt ignored him at one point, though it was an unwitting mistake.
 During filming of some emotional scenes, Hunt wanted his star to relate to
 the isolation Bond would be feeling so he left him alone. Lazenby did not
 take this as direction or method of acting, but rather a lack of respect 
 by
 the director. He complained publicly and friction grew between the men,
 which was duly noted by the press.

 He also had trouble with female lead Diana Rigg. The most famous example 
 of
 tension between them, however, is actually a myth. Before a kissing scene,
 Rigg was heard telling Lazenby at lunch that she was having "garlic with
 [her] pate." She meant it to be humorous but it was easily taken
 out-of-context given Lazenby's tenuous relationship with Hunt and EON. 
 While
 in later years he did complain about Rigg's ego, the Bond actor never
 validated this story.

 What did him in, in the end, was as much box-office failure as his own
 immaturity. The fans were being exposed to a new leading actor who had
 burned bridges with Broccoli and Saltzman before the film was in release. 
 It
 would have been a hard sell following Connery in the best of 
 circumstances.
 With EON trying its best to hide his face in the nominal promotion they 
 did
 for the film, not to mention the script's deviation from the usual Bond
 formula, Lazenby was ill fated. Critics and fans at the time were quick to
 place the blame squarely on the actor and EON was quick to publicly agree
 with that assessment. They seemed to disregard the film for years 
 afterward.

 His own career was spotty at best after his big break. Lazenby appeared in
 "The Kentucky Fried Movie" and spoofed the Bond image in, among other
 things, the TV movie "Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E. " and the CD-ROM
 game, "Spy Hunt". In time, many Bond fans would come to regard "On Her
 Majesty's Secret Service" as a high point in the series.

 C – Roger Moore, born October 14, 1927. Played Bond from 1973-1985.

 Already an established personality via television's "The Saint" and "The
 Persuaders", Roger Moore stepped into the role at a time when the series 
 was
 facing a crisis. Connery had left for a second time, after a successful
 commercial entry. EON knew that they had to avoid the difficult sequence 
 of
 events when Lazenby was hired. So for the first time they did not look at
 unknown actors and hired Moore, who had been approached for the role 
 earlier
 in his career. Evidence suggests that he was an initial consideration for
 the first Bond film. It is endlessly speculative to suggest what would 
 have
 happened had he landed the role.

 Be that as it may, he instead saw Sean Connery become a household figure 
 and
 wanted no part of replacing him in 1969. But after 1971 he was willing to
 give it a go.

 It is odd that so many things in his debut, 1973's "Live And Let Die", 
 stood
 in stark contrast to the previous entries in the series. It featured a new
 composer for the first time in ten years and the first rock 'n' roll theme
 song. Combined with focusing on Moore as an attractive leading man, EON
 seemed to market Bond as a youthful icon. While kids from ten years before
 had loved Connery, it cannot be said that the films were aimed at that
 teenaged audience. Yet it was clear that demographic was of utmost
 importance by the 1970's.

 Moore came into his own with his third entry, "The Spy Who Loved Me". He
 would start squawking about retirement as early as 1979. He meant it 
 firmly
 in 1983 but still cam back for a final swan song in 1985. By then no one
 could hide from three obvious conclusions. First, that Moore had aged so
 much as to be unbelievable in the role. Two, that his lighthearted 
 approach
 had made Bond accessible to a large audience but had made him closer to a
 comic book hero than a serious role. And three, that despite both of the
 previous points, Moore cast a large shadow that EON would have a tough 
 time
 trying to fill.

 D – Timothy Dalton, born March 21, 1946. Played Bond on screen in
 1987-1989, and stayed with the role publicly until 1994.

 Timothy Dalton earned the role of Bond only after Pierce Brosnan was
 prevented from taking the reins from Moore due to a contract conflict with
 the NBC television show "Remington Steele". It was Dalton's second time
 approaching the role. He wanted no part of it in 1971, saying in a 1987
 interview on "Good Morning America" (and elsewhere) that he turned it down
 because he was "too young" for it and because of the imposing legacy of
 Connery.

 His first outing was "The Living Daylights". The script, originally 
 written
 with Moore's character in mind and tweaked slightly for what would have 
 been
 Brosnan's approach, was adjusted noticeably for Dalton. The film was a bit
 more serious in tone and viewers could not help but compare Dalton's
 physicality and attempt to restructure the character in comparison to 
 Moore,
 19 years his senior. The next film, "Licence To Kill", was written for
 Dalton's strengths as an actor.

 He had indeed read the Fleming novels, and wanted to use them as a 
 backdrop
 for his interpretation of Bond. The film enjoyed huge popularity across 
 the
 world - except in the USA. The MGM/UA advertising campaign, easily the
 weakest for a Bond film, was a result of the studio wrestling with huge
 legal and financial troubles and helped doom the film in the midst of a 
 very
 competitive box office season.

 Nonetheless, plans proceeded for Bond 17 with Timothy Dalton still signed 
 on
 for that film and at least one more. But a series of events cropped up 
 that
 estranged EON from its studio, the most notable being the selling of
 television rights of the EON series.

 When at last these issues were resolved and work resumed on Bond 17
 (eventually known as "GoldenEye"), Dalton surprised many by announcing he
 would NOT return as Bond. The public, he said, had associated him with the
 role for eight years, and that was long enough for him. He was eager to 
 move
 on to new challenges. He left the 007 family in the spring of 1994.

 Cubby Broccoli and his daughter Barbara stated many times that they were
 disappointed to lose Dalton. The official account endorsed by Dalton, EON,
 and MGM/UA, is that Dalton left the series of his own accord. Dalton 
 remains
 a friend of the Broccoli family and spoke kindly of Cubby when he died.
 There is credible evidence to suggest that by 1994 the powers that be 
 inside
 MGM/UA made it clear that they would not support a new Bond film starring
 Dalton but as of yet the smoking gun has yet to uncovered for ballistic
 testing.

 E – Pierce Brosnan, born May 16, 1953. Played Bond from 1995-2002
 and stayed with the role publicly until 2005.

 In the end, it was a great thing that Pierce Brosnan had to wait to secure
 the role of the world's most famous secret agent. By the time he was
 introduced, Brosnan looked the part and was truly hungry to succeed. By
 replacing Dalton instead of Moore, he was able to avoid either following
 Moore's lighthearted lead or be compared in reaction to it.

 Dalton pleased hardcore Fleming fans with his darker, more realistic
 portrayal of Bond. But the fans of Moore's approach were never as smitten
 with him. Brosnan has proven to surprise both camps. He has played Bond
 straight but with verve. And Brosnan has that X factor. He has embodied 
 the
 same charisma that Connery had once brought into the role. He has made 
 Bond
 "cool" to the masses once again. He has been able to handle the publicity
 and the expectations with panache. Best of all, he has won over the 
 majority
 of critics and fans alike.

 Brosnan has indicated he is interested in doing a fifth, and final, turn 
 as
 James Bond, following the 2002 release of "Die Another Day". That would 
 not come to pass however and he was replaced by actor Daniel Craig in what 
 some say was a contract dispute and others say was EON wanting to show the 
 early days of 007 and that could not be done with Pierce Brosnan due to 
 his age.


 F - Daniel Craig, born March 2, 1968. Named as the new James Bond in 2005 
 with his first film being Casino Royale.

 In a move by EON to start fresh with the story of the early days of James 
 Bond a younger actor was given the keys to the Aston Martin. Daniel 
 Craig's film career began in 1992 with the film The Power of One. Craig 
 later gained a larger audience in 1996 in the UK with a co-starring role 
 in the critically acclaimed BBC2 drama serial Our Friends in the North. He 
 then went to star in John Maybury's gritty Love is the Devil: Study for a 
 Portrait of Francis Bacon in 1998.

 In 2001 he was Angelina Jolie's rival and sometime love interest in Lara 
 Croft: Tomb Raider. In 2002 Craig raised his profile in the United States 
 in Sam Mendes' film Road to Perdition, with Tom Hanks co starring. Other 
 leading film roles have included Sylvia (2003) with Gwyneth Paltrow and 
 consecutive films for Roger Michell, The Mother (2003) with Anne Reid, and 
 Enduring Love (2004) with Rhys Ifans. Craig played a Jewish, South 
 African-born Mossad agent in Steven Spielberg's controversial film Munich 
 in 2005.


 G – Barry Nelson, born April 16, 1920. Played Bond in 1954.

 American born Nelson was the first actor to portray James Bond. In was 
 not,
 however, a theatrical release. Instead in was on episodic television. See
 Brief #2, Section #10, A "Casino Royale – the television episode"

 H – David Niven, born March 1, 1910. Played Bond in 1967.

 A film star from features like "The Guns Of Navarone", "Bonjour Tristesse"
 and "The Pink Panther", David Niven was cast in the Bond spoof "Casino
 Royale". For details about it, go to Brief #2, Section #10, B "Casino
 Royale – the movie". The Scot actor, who usually answered to English when
 abroad, died in 1983 of ALS (Lou Gherig's Disease).

 6 – The actors who could have played James Bond
 Besides the men listed above many others have tried out for the role of 
 007.
 Here are some of the notable ones.

 A – John Gavin – The American Gavin actually signed a contract with
 EON to
 be the new James Bond in 1970, after the George Lazenby implosion. However
 it was no secret that EON coveted Sean Connery. When they lured him back
 with a promise to produce and star in two films and a hefty one 
 million-plus
 salary that was mostly used to co-find the Scottish Education Trust, Gavin
 politely stepped aside. The actor, who can be seen in "Psycho" and
 "Spartacus", went on to be a U.S. Ambassador to Mexico during the Reagan
 administration.

 B – James Brolin – It is well documented that Brolin, best known now as
 Barbra Streisand's other half, screen tested opposite Maud Adams before
 Moore agreed to return to "Octopussy".

 What is lesser know is Brolin's claim that he was actually, like Gavin,
 signed to a contract. He told Bond enthusiast Richard Ashton in 1998 that 
 he
 was hired by Cubby Broccoli and had searched from a home in London at the
 time. He also commented about his American accent by suggesting that
 Broccoli did not intend to hide it and hoped audiences would see Brolin's
 physical presence and ignore the issue. Eventually Moore returned and 
 Brolin
 was left aside. (Submitted by Richard Ashton <mailto:ash...@home.com)

 C – Julian Glover – Glover auditioned for the role after the franchise
 needed a replacement for Connery, according to a Starlog Magazine 
 interview
 in 1981. But he was not surprised when Roger Moore snagged the lead in 
 "Live
 And Let Die" because "we all knew Roger would get it. " Glover did make a
 mark with the series, playing villain Ari Kristatos in "For Your Eyes 
 Only".

 D – Sam Neill – Screen tested in 1986 after negotiations collapsed with
 Pierce Brosnan, Neill was a strong contender, even getting a public 
 mention
 of contention by "The Living Daylights" casting director. The role would 
 end
 up going to Timothy Dalton. Neill is now best identified for his star turn
 in "Jurassic Park".

 E – Lewis Collins – Having screen tested in the early eighties, Collins
 was a favorite of the British press. He starred in the television series,
 "The Professionals".

 F – David Warbeck - According to interviews the late actor gave for
 "David
 Warbeck: The Man and His Movies", he was under contract to EON throughout
 the late seventies and early eighties, prepared to assume the role of 007
 should Roger Moore have packed his bags.

 G – Michael Billington – Billington screen tested for the starring
 role in
 "Live And Let Die". While he was passed over then he did portray Sergei
 Barsov, the Russian agent and lover of "Triple X", Major Anya Amasova, who
 was killed by Bond's ski pole before 007 made his parachute leap in the
 teaser of "The Spy Who Loved Me". He is best known for his role on the 
 cult
 favorite TV show "UFO".

 H – Patrick McGoohan – McGoohan's credits include two television spies –
 "The Prisoner" and "Danger Man" (a.k.a. "Secret Agent Man"). He could have
 made a mark in the genre earlier but he did not want the lead role in "Dr.
 No" due to "moral reasons." Whether or not he would have actually been 
 given
 the role if desired is in question.

 He was actually offered the role at least twice, according to some 
 sources,
 including interviews with the actor himself. One reason given was his
 choice of not appearing in a work he would not let his daughters watch.
 (Submitted by Malus <mailto:f...@fshailes.fsnet.co.uk)

 I – Stewart Granger – Never a real shot with EON, it is noted here
 because
 Granger was one of a few preferences by Ian Fleming himself. Granger's 
 real
 name was James Stewart, not to be confused with the American actor famous
 for "It's A Wonderful Life" and "The Philadelphia Story". When Fleming
 listed "James Stewart" on his list, he meant Granger, who starred in "King
 Solomon's Mines" and director Terence Young's "Woman Hater".

 7 – The actors who have played Felix Leiter
 Many of the films have featured CIA Agent Felix Leiter, Bond's American
 counterpart. While the character remained the same the role was always 
 being
 recast. It was not supposed to be that way.

 A – Jack Lord in "Dr. No" – The handsome actor, later to star in "Hawaii
 Five-O", created the role of Leiter in the first Bond movie. He was 
 supposed
 to return in "Goldfinger". But Lord did not want a similar deal. He asked
 for a huge salary in line with Connery's and a percentage of the profits.
 EON turned down his counteroffer.

 B – Cec Linder in "Goldfinger" – The aged actor was supposed to play Mr.
 Simmons, the bamboozled car player. But EON asked actor Austin Willis and
 Linder to switch roles. Linder got more screen time but was as far from 
 both
 Lord's portrayal and Fleming's vision as possible. This ensured that 
 whoever
 played Leiter would never again try to make demands for salary and rights.

 C – Rik Van Nutter in "Thunderball" – By now, EON played "spot-the-Felix"
 with fans. Van Nutter looked liked Fleming's description even if the
 screenplay did not do his character justice.

 According to the "Thunderball" laserdisc commentary, Rik Van Nutter agreed
 to a contract for the recurring role of Leiter, and even moved to London
 after "Thunderball" was completed. Alas, there was no part for him in "You
 Only Live Twice", or "On Her Majesty's Secret Service". By the time 
 Connery
 returned in 1971, Van Nutter had moved on. (Submitted by Tom Zielinski)

 D – Norman Burton in "Diamonds Are Forever" - Burton played Leiter as a
 curmudgeon, making the agent seem less than excited to work with his old
 friend once more.

 E – David Hedison in "Live And Let Die" and "Licence To Kill" – The only
 actor to play Felix twice, though not consecutively, Hedison went sixteen
 years between his appearances. While his Leiter and Bond are 
 contemporaries
 in his first shot, Hedison is given much more screen time in "Licence To
 Kill" as an older man than Bond, given Hedison's age difference with 
 Dalton.

 While it is only supposition that it was intentional, note which films
 Hedison appeared in. In the book "Live And Let Die" Leiter was fed to a
 shark at the hands of a villain, but this did not happen on screen. When
 EON decided to film this as the basis of the plot of "Licence To Kill" it
 was Hedison who got to do the scene passed over originally.

 F – John Terry in "The Living Daylights" – After Hedison's role in 1973,
 Leiter went dormant in EON films until 1986, when Terry showed up. He did
 not have a large role, but longtime fans felt comfort in once again 
 hearing
 from Bond's opposite number.

 G – Bernie Casey in "Never Say Never Again" – At least this time it was
 truly hard for viewers to "spot-the-Felix" with Casey cast as Leiter. The
 black actor and former pro football player portrayed the CIA man as a 
 friend
 of Bond's and Casey and Connery expressed it well.

 8 – Repeat offenders
 Too extensive to list every example here, is it easy to spot actors 
 playing
 different roles in different films. Maud Adams is the most notable
 ("Octopussy" and "The Man With The Golden Gun"), alongside Charles Gray
 ("You Only Live Twice" and "Diamonds Are Forever") and Joe Don Baker ("The
 Living Daylights", "GoldenEye" and "Tomorrow Never Dies"). Take a look at
 Matthew Newton's James Bond Actors page from the Bond Film Informant at
 <http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/jbactors.htm  for a complete 
 rundown.

 9 – Over dubbing
 Also prevalent in Bond films if you watch carefully is the number of 
 actors
 whose voices were dubbed by someone else, particularly in the early ones.
 This is not a complete list below, just a note about some notables. It is
 singularly odd that one of the most famous Bond movie lines of them all,
 Goldfinger's retort to wanting Bond to talk by muttering, "No, Mr. Bond, I
 expect you to die! " was not the actor's own voice.

 Actor Role Film Looped by
 ----- ---- ---- ---------
 Ursula Andress Honey Rider Dr. No Monica vander Syl
 Daniela Bianchi Tatiana Romanova From Russia With Love Barbara Jeffoed
 Gert Frobe Goldfinger Goldfinger Michael Collins
 Claudine Auger Domino Derval Thunderball Monica vander Syl
 Adolpho Celi Emilio Largo Thunderball Robert Rietti
 Tetsuro Tamba Tiger Tanaka You Only Live Twice Robert Rietti
 Gabriele Ferzetti Marc-Ange Draco OHMSS David deKeyser
 John Hollis Blofeld For Your Eyes Only Robert Rietti

 (The Auger and Ferzetti looped listings submitted by John Doherty)

 Eric Pohlman looped Ernst Stavro Blofeld's voice in "From Russia With 
 Love"
 though the cat petting hands belonged to Anthony Dawson. While one source
 claims that Pohlman's widow confirmed he was also Blofeld's voice in
 "Thunderball", the film's director, Terence Young, (from "Bondage") said 
 it
 was Joseph Wiseman providing the voice. (Submitted by David A. McIntee) 
 Wiseman played "Dr. No" and that
 version of Blofeld sounds nearly like him. Yet the source supporting 
 Pohlman
 provides that his name is on the call sheets and that having him travel 
 from
 nearby London was easier than Wiseman being flown in from the States. He
 also disputes Young as a reliable source. (Submitted by Mac) Perhaps the
 person who is wrong will suffer the same fate as No. 12, Pierre Borraud.

 John Hollis was the wheelchair bound Blofeld in "For Your Eyes Only".
 Hollis played Lobot, aide to Lando Calrissian, in "The Empire Strikes 
 Back".

 And lastly, George Baker, the actor playing the real Sir Hilary Bray in 
 "On
 Her Majesty's Secret Service", is dubbed whenever Bond imitates him. This
 example is quite disconcerting and unnecessary and detracts from the 
 viewing
 experience.

 10 – Specific films FAQ
 Certain questions seem to crop up often regarding things in specific 
 films.
 This section is a "FAQ in the FAQ" for these oft-repeated queries. PLEASE
 read them carefully – you will see them appear in the newsgroup and will 
 be
 able to direct the poster to the FAQ or provide the answer.

 A – Casino Royale – the television episode
 This was the first time Bond appeared in the visual media. Not a feature
 film, this adaptation was a television production, an hour-long episode of
 the CBS "Climax! Mystery Theatre" anthology series. It aired live on 
 October
 21, 1954, the television rights selling for $1,000. Barry Nelson played 
 Bond
 as an American agent, nicknamed "Card Sense Jimmy Bond". Peter Lorre plays
 the villain Le Chiffre and was inadvertently seen walking across the stage
 after his character is killed. The joys of live TV.

 B – Casino Royale – the 1967 spoof
 Fleming's first novel, "Casino Royale" was offered for film rights for 
 $6000
 and sold in 1956 to Gregory Ratoff. Later the rights were sold to producer
 Charles K. Feldman for $75,000. In 1964, seeing the amazing success of 
 EON,
 Feldman approached Cubby Broccoli and Sean Connery about making "Casino
 Royale" jointly. However, Connery asked for a cool million-dollar salary 
 and
 there was a dispute over production credits. No agreement came to pass.

 So Feldman, armed with the legal right to the actual James Bond character
 and situations of "Casino Royale", made a spoof of the Bond genre. The 
 1967
 film is a disaster, despite the combined talents of David Niven, Peter
 Sellers, Woody Allen, Ursula Andress, Orson Welles, Deborah Kerr, William
 Holden and John Huston.

 MGM obtained the rights to "Casino Royale" at the turn of the century.

 C – Dr. No / Live And Let Die
 Both of these films get fans asking, "Where's Q? " Q is in "Dr. No". 
 Desmond
 Llewelyn just does not play him. Actor Peter Burton played Major 
 Boothroyd,
 head of Q Branch. Llewelyn took over the role in 1963's "From Russia With
 Love", his character's actual name mentioned in "The Spy Who Loved Me". He
 would act in every Bond film through 1999's "The World Is Not Enough" 
 except
 for "Live And Let Die". No one from Q Branch appears in that film. For 
 more
 on Q go to Brief #4, Section #2.

 D – From Russia With Love
 There are two questions regarding this film. The first is about the
 introduction of Blofeld's cat. Never used in the books, the cat took
 attention as a focal point to the unseen Blofeld. But the CAT'S NAME IS
 NEVER MENTIONED AT ANY POINT. Not even a hint of it. Which is good, as any
 name would be a distraction. Mike Meyers' spoof character Austin Powers
 proved this point by having the villain, Dr. Evil, name his cat "Mr.
 Bigglesworth".

 The other question is if Ian Fleming actually has a cameo appearance in 
 the
 movie. Bryan Krofchok submitted the following for issue #3c of the Ian
 Fleming Foundation's "Shaken, Not Stirred" newsletter in March 1995
 (reprinted by permission of the author):

 "The curious notion of Fleming's cameo is mentioned in Roger Ryan and 
 Martin
 Sterling's book of Bond trivia, 'Keeping The British End Up', under the
 heading 'Brief Encounter'. The scene in question pops up when the Orient
 Express must stop for a truck that has stalled across the tracks
 (originally, part of Grant's escape route). Watch for an oddly placed
 gentleman wearing a white top and dark pants, who seems to be holding some
 sort of walking stick. "

 "His mode of dress is suspiciously identical to that of Ian Fleming's in 
 the
 well known photos of his visit to the set of the film during shooting of 
 the
 Orient Express. I say that the man is oddly placed, because he seems to 
 have
 no part in the plot, and cannot simply be brushed off as someone merely 
 out
 for a casual stroll due to the apparent desolation of the surrounding 
 area.
 I also find it quite odd that although the train is passing fairly close 
 to
 him, the man has his back to it and is looking the other way. "

 E – Goldfinger
 When the bomb is ticking away and Bond is feverously trying to disarm it 
 we
 are privy to the seconds left. When the bomb is finally defused we see 
 "007"
 seconds left on it. However, Bond says that "Three more ticks and Mr.
 Goldfinger would've hit the jackpot. " The reason for this inconsistency 
 is
 that the clock is supposed to end on "003" but in editing some unknown
 person thought showing "007" would be a neat idea. Connery was unavailable
 to loop his line and it stayed that way.

 F – Thunderball / Never Say Never Again
 This is the most rancorous debate of anything regarding James Bond. The
 questions are aplenty here. Why is "Never Say Never Again" a retelling of
 "Thunderball", and why did a different production team make it? Why do 
 fans
 often snub it as an "unofficial" film? Who is Kevin McClory and what role
 did he play in shaping James Bond? And why are there so many continuity
 errors in "Thunderball"? Let's begin with Kevin McClory.

 Kevin McClory was a film producer who first made plans with Ian Fleming to
 produce the first ever Bond feature film back in 1958. He wrote a script
 with Fleming and screenwriter Jack Whittingham originally called 
 "Longitude
 78 West" in 1959. When the project fell through Fleming used the story as
 the basis for his 1961 Bond novel "Thunderball", without crediting either
 McClory or Whittingham.

 McClory unsuccessfully attempted then to block Jonathan Cape's publication
 of "Thunderball". He brought suit against Fleming in 1963 and the outcome
 was that all future publications of the novel would state that "it is 
 based
 on a screen treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, and Ian 
 Fleming."
 Furthermore McClory acquired all movie rights to the story and its various
 treatments, referred to as "the film scripts".

 His 1965 collaboration with EON, co-producing "Thunderball", was an
 appeasement of sorts to prevent a competitor of EON facing off against 
 them
 during the apex of Bondmania worldwide. In exchange McClory abandoned all
 claims for another 10 years after the initial release of the film. When in
 January 1976 the rights reverted back to him he wrote an original script
 along with Len Deighton and Sean Connery himself, called "Warhead 8". When
 legal battle was started again by EON he was finally forced to produce 
 only
 a direct remake of "Thunderball". The result was 1983's "Never Say Never
 Again". The film was not EON's, and could not use the trademark gun-barrel
 opening or theme music, not even the name "Q" who was never in the novel 
 or
 the original film scripts, making many fans consider it "unofficial".

 McClory seemed to be the owner of SPECTRE and Blofeld, introduced in
 "Thunderball", and EON has never used them by name since 1971's "Diamonds
 Are Forever". The villain in "The Spy Who Loved Me" was originally 
 SPECTRE,
 changed when it appeared legal trouble might have ensued. The character in
 the opening credits of "For Your Eyes Only" is Blofeld unnamed. Stay in 
 this
 Section and go to I "For Your Eyes Only".

 McClory attempted to make his own Bond output for years after that. In 
 late
 1997 he aligned with Sony to attempt to produce an original film series
 featuring James Bond. MGM responded with legal action to prevent this. In
 March 1999, the Sony/McClory camp was soundly thumped in court and Sony 
 gave
 up any claim to owning James Bond. McClory, publicly claiming 
 "abandonment",
 began peddling the rights he had, real or imagined, to any interested 
 party.

 In the end MGM proved to hold a surprising edge, namely due to an 
 oversight
 on McClory's behalf. The copyright to "Thunderball" was claimed by MGM 
 when
 McClory had not renewed it properly and in effect they retain at least the
 legal position to withstand any charge he may bring.

 "Thunderball" features more visible continuity errors than usual. From the
 ever-changing color scuba masks in the end battle to Leiter changing from
 shorts to pants during a helicopter ride, the editing seems sloppy. The
 problems stemmed from a meltdown in postproduction. Terence Young had
 directed the first two films, and then sat out the third before returning 
 to
 direct "Thunderball". The rigorous schedule took its toll, as well as
 artistic differences with EON. Young walked out during editing leaving
 editor Peter Hunt having to make the most of what was already shot without
 the possibility of reshooting.

 G – On Her Majesty's Secret Service
 Two prevalent questions arise often. The first is explaining why Blofeld
 does not recognize Bond when they meet at Piz Gloria. The previous film,
 "You Only Live Twice", had the two antagonists come face-to-face for the
 first time. This flew in the face of the Fleming novels where the Piz 
 Gloria
 meeting was the first meeting. EON both scrapped the entire novel and
 storyline of "You Only Live Twice" and filmed it out of sequence.

 Director Peter Hunt and writer Richard Maibaum had to deal with this 
 issue.
 They decided to stay true to Fleming and film the Piz Gloria scene as it 
 had
 been, simply ignoring the gaffe. In truth they need not have done so, 
 since
 Bond did not glean anything with Blofeld/de Bleuchamp at that time and 
 could
 have merely held off their face-to-face meeting until later with a bit of
 tweaking. But they did not go this route.

 The other question regards Bond's marriage. He marries Tracy di Vicenzo in
 the movie. It is the only time he ever married on screen. There is a 
 wedding
 scene in "You Only Live Twice", but it is explained in the film that the
 ceremony was a hoax.

 H – Diamonds Are Forever
 Two of the three common questions regarding this film arise from editing,
 one from questionable writing.

 First, when Blofeld calls for Burt Saxby we see Bond mimicking his voice 
 to
 fool Blofeld. However, after Bond shows up, so does Saxby. How did the 
 real
 Saxby know where and when to show up? Perhaps someone can find out that
 answer, as the FAQ has not located a credible one.

 Another frequent inquiry is how Plenty O'Toole ended up at Tiffany Case's
 California home. After being thrown in the Tropicana hotel pool in Las
 Vegas, Plenty sneaks back into the room and goes through Tiffany's purse,
 finding her address, as Bond and she keep occupied. This scene was edited
 out of the movie before it was released making it confusing. This does not
 explain WHY Plenty would want to get that far involved.

 Lastly, when Bond's car goes in the alley on the right set of wheels it
 comes out on the left set. This is a flat out mistake. The filmmakers
 attempted to correct this error by interspersing a close-up of Bond and
 Tiffany as the car tilts from one side to the other. However, this should
 still be impossible considering the width of the alley.

 I – For Your Eyes Only
 More frequent questions arise from this film than any other. Here are the
 facts.

 First, fans clamor to know if that was actually Blofeld in the opening
 sequence of "For Your Eyes Only". Yes it is. The character is never
 mentioned by name since in 1981 EON was legally barred from using Blofeld.
 See this Section's E "Thunderball"/"Never Say Never Again" for details. 
 But
 on the Special Edition DVD of the film, both producer Michael G. Wilson 
 and
 director John Glen mention that it is Blofeld in a direct reference to "On
 Her Majesty's Secret Service".

 Another question involves the Blofeld plea promising Bond a "delicatessen 
 in
 stainless steel" in exchange for his life. It seems Cubby Broccoli is
 responsible for the line being used in the film. Both Michael G. Wilson 
 and
 John Glen confirm this. It seems completely out of character and not
 terribly clever.

 Also recurrent is asking if the "Bond girl" was once a man. The answer is
 NO! One of the bikini-clad women hanging out at Gonzales' pool is a
 British actress named Tula, a.k.a. Caroline Cossey, who later grabbed
 headlines by revealing she had started life as a man. Although the world
 press played up the Bond angle ("Even 007 can't tell the difference! "),
 Tula's role in the film was nearly non-existent. But the actual "Bond 
 girl"
 of the film is Carole Bouquet.

 J – Octopussy
 An interesting question concerns Robert Brown appearing as "M" in the 
 film.
 The original "M" was Bernard Lee, who died after appearing in 1979's
 "Moonraker". EON did not use "M" in "For Your Eyes Only" out of respect 
 for
 Lee, but then they knew they needed the character to return.

 What sets fans' minds off is that Brown had already made an appearance in
 "The Spy Who Loved Me" as Admiral Hargreaves. It is never stated whether
 Brown is playing Lee's character, Sir Miles Messervy, or is playing
 Hargreaves as a new "M". But the clear inference is that he played 
 Messervy.
 EON had recast actors in different roles very early on and when Dame Judi
 Dench took over the role, Bond mentions her "predecessor" in a singular
 fashion. In "The World Is Not Enough" there is a picture of her 
 predecessor,
 which is a portrait of Lee. It is visible for a split moment after the
 holographic image of Renard is turned off. The novelization of "Licence To
 Kill", six years later with Brown still in the role, features Sir Miles.

 The other common question pertains to the Faberge eggs. Namely which one 
 was
 destroyed on camera. It was the real one. 009 is found with the fake. Bond
 then switches it at the auction and keeps the real one. Later he shows off
 the real one during the backgammon game. We also see Q put the transmitter
 in the real egg. The real egg is then stolen by Magda and given back to
 Kamal Khan. When Orlov arrives he claims that the "fake" has caused enough
 trouble and smashes the egg. But it is the real one that is smashed, as 
 the
 Q Branch transmitter is in it.

 K – Licence To Kill
 This is not easy for everyone to discover but it is true that bullets are
 used as music in the movie. During the tanker chase in the film's climax,
 listen closely for a machine gun fired at Bond. The ricocheting bullets do
 indeed play out the introductory notes of the "James Bond Theme" before 
 the
 soundtrack kicks in.

 L – Tomorrow Never Dies
 There is a large misconception regarding Bond's failure to read the 
 Chinese
 keyboard when intending to send a message. The movie "You Only Live Twice"
 had claimed (departing entirely from Fleming's character) that Bond had
 taken a first in Oriental languages at Cambridge. However, that does not
 mean he is fluent in written Chinese. It is never specified whether it was
 Chinese in the first place, and whether it was merely the spoken dialect 
 he
 had mastered as opposed to the written language.

 M – Die Another Day
 Madonna, in addition to performing the theme song, has a cameo as Verity,
 the fencing instructor, joining Sheena Easton ("For Your Eyes Only") as 
 the
 only theme performer to appear in the same film. John Cleese was called Q
 following Desmond Llewelyn's death, though his real name remains unknown.
 Many references from previous films, particularly in the Q scene, are 
 shown.
 The book that Miranda is "attached to" at the end is "Art of War" by Sun
 Tzu, referenced earlier in the film.

 The most common query is why Bond did not realize Miranda Frost had 
 emptied
 his gun, since the weight change would be noticeable and it does appear 
 that
 Bond briefly inspects it on screen. As the novelization from Raymond 
 Benson
 explains, Miranda did NOT empty the gun. She instead bent the firing pin,
 meaning the quick inspection Bond gave it would not detect it. When trying
 to fire it later Bond hears the click of the pin and realizes what 
 happened.
 It is not mentioned in the dialogue and confused many fans.

 This was the last film with Pierce Brosnan as James Bond. Reports have
 stated that he was demanding $40 million (£23million) for his next film
 as 007. Pierce Brosnan issued the statement “I was just getting the
 hang of it, you know? But they wanted to go younger. They wanted to
 reinvigorate the part. Whether they made the right choice, who knows?
 They’re probably scared s***less, thinking, ‘What have we done?’ ”


 N - Casino Royale
 This would become the first film with a new actor to portray 007. The
 actors that were considerd included Ewan McGregor, Eric Bana, Hugh
 Jackman, and Colin Farrell.

 Daniel Craig would become the latest actor to strap on the PPK. The
 actor’s build was important to his selection, according to a leaked memo
 from Eon Productions.

 Casino Royale was the first Bond novel, penned by Ian Fleming in 1953.
 It has been adapted twice before, first in 1954 on the CBS television
 network starring American actor Barry Nelson and then as a spoof in 1967
 with Peter Sellers, Orson Welles, David Niven and Woody Allen.

 "Casino Royale", the 21st James Bond film, directed by Martin
 Campbell who also directed Pierce Brosnan's debut as 007 in "Goldeneye".
 Release date was November 17th 2006, distributed
 by Columbia Pictures.  The film had critical and financial success when it 
 was released and provided a possible story arc to be maintained in the next
 film involving a criminal organization on par with SPECTRE.

 The film provided a new back story as to how James Bond became a double O 
 agent for MI-6 during the pre-credit sequence.  In the fim there is no
 mention of Q and Judi Dench returns as M, although it may be confusing for 
 some since her M took over the job in Goldeneye and Casino Royale is James
 Bond's first mission.
 
 



 11 – List of theme songs & artists
 Here is a list of the films' theme songs, as well as vocal recordings used
 within the film or end credits or appearing on the soundtrack albums.

 TITLE PERFORMER FILM(if different)
 ----- --------- ------------------
 James Bond Theme John Barry Orchestra* Dr. No
 Underneath The Mango Tree Diana Coupland Dr. No
 Jump Up Byron Lee/Dragonaires Dr. No
 From Russia With Love (instru) John Barry
 From Russia With Love (vocal) Matt Monro
 Goldfinger Shirley Bassey
 Thunderball Tom Jones
 You Only Live Twice Nancy Sinatra
 On Her Majesty's Secret Service John Barry
 All The Time In The World Louis Armstrong OHMSS
 Do You Know How Christmas Trees Nina OHMSS
 Are Grown?
 Diamonds Are Forever Shirley Bassey
 Live And Let Die Paul McCartney/Wings
 Fillet Of Soul/Live And Let Die BJ Arnau Live And Let Die
 The Man With The Golden Gun Lulu
 Nobody Does It Better Carly Simon The Spy Who Loved Me
 Moonraker Shirley Bassey
 For Your Eyes Only Sheena Easton
 Make It Last All Night Rage For Your Eyes Only
 All Time High Rita Coolidge Octopussy
 A View To A Kill Duran Duran
 The Living Daylights a-ha
 Where Has Everybody Gone? Pretenders The Living Daylights
 If There Was A Man Pretenders The Living Daylights
 Licence To Kill Gladys Knight
 If You Asked Me To Patti Labelle Licence To Kill
 Dirty Love Tim Feehan Licence To Kill
 Wedding Party Ivory Licence To Kill
 GoldenEye Tina Turner
 The Experience Of Love Eric Serra GoldenEye
 Tomorrow Never Dies Sheryl Crow
 Surrender k.d. lang Tomorrow Never Dies
 The World Is Not Enough Garbage
 Only Myself To Blame Scott Walker The World Is Not
 Enough
 Die Another Day Madonna
 London Calling Clash Die Another Day
 You Know My Name Chris Cornell  
 Casino Royale Herb Alpert
 The Look Of Love Dusty Springfield Casino Royale
 Never Say Never Again Lani Hall
 Chanson D'Amour Sophie Della Never Say Never
 Again
 * If you have read that Monty Norman performed it, for further 
 explanation,
 look just below to Brief 2 Section 11A.

 Also of note is the song "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang", which was recorded by
 both Dionne Warwick and Shirley Bassey. It was to be the title song of 
 EON's
 fourth release until the title was changed back to "Thunderball". Neither
 vocal version appears in the film but the instrumental does.

 Only once has a Bond theme hit #1 on the American Billboard Music Hot 100
 chart. It was Duran Duran's "A View To A Kill".

 "You Know My Name", the title song to the 2006 fim version of Casino Royale
 by Chris Cornell does not appear on the soundtrack of the film.

 A - The James Bond Theme debate
 Every Bond film credits Monty Norman as the composer for the "James Bond
 Theme". But most people feel John Barry actually wrote it. What is the
 truth? This one was still raging some thirty-nine years after the 
 questions
 began.

 Monty Norman originally wrote a theme. However the producers were
 dissatisfied with the piece and John Barry was hired to "arrange" it. The
 resulting work bore little resemblance to the Norman's. This reworked 
 theme
 was featured in "Dr. No" and has appeared in every official Bond film 
 since.
 Due to contractual obligations, Monty Norman always receives credit 
 whenever
 the song is used in a Bond film.

 Norman's original theme can be heard on the "Dr. No" soundtrack, but it is
 not track number 17, titled "The James Bond Theme" on the label. Norman
 himself said that the actual recording intended as the theme is "Dr. No's
 Fantasy", Track 11. John Barry based some inspiration for what became 
 known
 as the Bond theme off the plucked guitar sound from one of his own
 compositions, "Bees Knees". (Submitted by Geoff Leonard)

 In March 2001, Norman won a libel suit against London's Sunday Times. They
 claimed Barry had penned the theme alone and also made comments about
 Norman's talent. Due in part to Barry stating he based the guitar riff
 partly on a Norman composition called "Bad Sign, Good Sign", they sided 
 with
 Norman. Note that the court did not state that Norman wrote the theme
 solely, as he maintains, just that he contributed to it.

 12 – Soundtracks & scores
 Ten men have scored a James Bond film. Here are the credits for each. Note
 the only composers with multiple credits are John Barry and David Arnold.

 COMPOSER FILM
 --------------- ----
 Monty Norman Dr. No
 John Barry From Russia With Love
 John Barry Goldfinger
 John Barry Thunderball
 John Barry You Only Live Twice
 John Barry On Her Majesty's Secret Service
 John Barry Diamonds Are Forever
 John Barry The Man With The Golden Gun
 John Barry Moonraker
 John Barry Octopussy
 John Barry A View To A Kill
 John Barry The Living Daylights
 George Martin Live And Let Die
 Marvin Hamlisch The Spy Who Loved Me
 Bill Conti For Your Eyes Only
 Michael Kamen Licence To Kill
 Eric Serra GoldenEye
 David Arnold Tomorrow Never Dies
 David Arnold The World Is Not Enough
 David Arnold Die Another Day
 David Arnold Casino Royale - 2006
 Burt Bacharach Casino Royale - 1967
 Michel Legrand Never Say Never Again

 13 – Bond meets an Oscar
 While the films have been wildly successful with audiences the world over,
 critics have always been hesitant to warm up to them. Consequently, the 
 Bond
 films tend to get passed over in favor of more "critically acceptable"
 selections. All told, Bond films have been nominated ten times in the
 American Academy Awards, five times in technical categories and five times
 in musical categories. Only two nominations came up winners:

 Film Year Category
 ---- ---- --------
 Goldfinger 1964 Best Sound Effects – Norman Wanstall
 Thunderball 1965 Best Visual Effects – John Stears

 However, both wins were somewhat tainted by the fact that there was only 
 one
 other nominee. The other eight nominations were:

 Film Year Category Lost to
 ----- ---- -------- -------
 Casino Royale 1967 Best Original Song Talk To The Animals
 Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Best Sound Fiddler on the Roof
 Live and Let Die 1973 Best Original Song The Way We Were
 The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Art Direction Star Wars
 The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Original Score Star Wars
 The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Best Original Song You Light Up My Life
 Moonraker 1979 Best Visual Effects Alien
 For Your Eyes Only 1981 Best Original Song Arthur's Theme (The Best
 That You Can Do)

 In an ironic twist, the "Casino Royale" song nominated, "The Look Of 
 Love",
 lost to "Talk To The Animals" from "Doctor Dolittle", a Leslie Bricusse
 composition. Bricusse co-wrote another movie theme that year, "You Only 
 Live
 Twice" with John Barry.

 However, leave it to the Brits to come through. The British Academy gave
 the award for Best Color Cinematography to "From Russia With Love". They
 also nominated Ken Adam four times for Art Direction for his work in
 "Goldfinger", "Thunderball", "You Only Live Twice" and "The Spy Who Loved
 Me".

 In 1982, Cubby Broccoli was awarded the coveted Irving G. Thalberg 
 Memorial
 Award for his filmmaking career. Homage was paid to both the Bond films 
 and
 to the many successful films that Broccoli made prior to "Dr. No". The
 reigning Bond at the time, Roger Moore, presented the award. Likewise, in
 1989 Timothy Dalton presented Broccoli with a lifetime achievement award
 from the British Academy of Film and Theatre Arts.

 Alien & British corrections submitted by Allen Dace


 14 – What's in a name?
 The Bond films almost always work the film's title into the script 
 somehow.

 "Dr. No" is the villain's name.
 Bond writes "From Russia With Love" on Tatiana's picture and hears it on 
 the
 radio while he and Sylvia are bunting.
 "Goldfinger" is the villain's name.
 M calls the mission "Operation 'Thunderball'"
 Bond mentions he's on his second life. Blofeld says, "You Only Live 
 Twice".
 The "On" in OHMSS is never used though the rest appears a few times.
 "Diamonds Are Forever" is surprisingly absent in the script, though the
 phrase "diamonds are for everyone" was cheekily added to "Die Another 
 Day".
 The singer in the Fillet of Soul sings the words "Live And Let Die" in 
 front
 of Bond.
 "The Man With The Golden Gun" is used by and about Scaramanga.
 While Stromberg mentions the word "love", "The Spy Who Loved Me" is 
 unused.
 "Moonraker" is the name of the Space Shuttles built by Drax.
 Melina purrs, "'For Your Eyes Only', darling", to Bond.
 "Octopussy" is the name of the female smuggler.
 Zorin and May Day combine to say, "What 'A View To A Kill.' "
 Bond remarks, "Whoever she was it must have scared 'The Living Daylights'
 out of her."
 M says, "Effective immediately, your 'Licence To Kill' is revoked."
 "GoldenEye" is the name of the space-based weapons system.
 "Tomorrow Never Dies" is not spoken in the film.
 When told he could have had the world Bond replies, "The World Is Not
 Enough. "
 "So you lived to 'Die Another Day', Colonel?"
 "Casino Royale" is the casino.
 Though Bond says, "Never again," and Domino replies, "Never?" the title
 "Never Say Never Again" is not specifically used.

 Brief #3 – THE BOOKS

 1 – The latest James Bond novel
 Author Raymond Benson penned the novelization to "Die Another Day", 
 released
 concurrent with the film in late 2002. As of March 2003, Glidrose has
 ceased releasing new novels and began reissuing Fleming's novels. There is
 no word on whether new Bond books will arise.

 2 – Ian Fleming
 Ian Lancaster Fleming created James Bond. He was born May 28, 1908, (a 
 date
 he gave to Ernst Stavro Blofeld as well) in London. Quitting his schooling
 at the prestigious Eaton, he held a job as a reporter with Reuters. 
 Fleming
 eventually joined the R.N.V.R. and later worked in Naval Intelligence 
 field,
 earning the rank of Commander.

 On his two month sabbatical from a newspaper job in January 1952 Fleming 
 was
 feeling pressure due to his impending marriage. To relieve some stress he
 began writing a short novel. Fleming held a meticulous schedule and spent
 two periods a day writing. Before leaving in March he had completed what
 would be the first Bond book, "Casino Royale". It opened Fleming's eyes to 
 a
 muse inside him.

 While not the rogue secret agent, Fleming did have a hand in helping the
 Ultra Network score a coup over Germany in World War II by decoding the
 Enigma, a machine similar to the fictitious Spektor decoder Fleming used 
 as
 a plot piece in "From Russia With Love". Fleming often dropped names of 
 his
 friends and acquaintances into characters in his book. (There was a 
 Jamaican
 boater named Red Grant, a friend named John Fox-Strangways, etc.)

 It should be noted that as a reporter Fleming wrote on a multitude of
 subjects. He is also the author of the children's work "Chitty Chitty Bang
 Bang".

 Ian Fleming wrote fourteen complete books about Bond, and only stopped 
 when
 he died on August 12, 1964. He left behind wife, Anne, and son Caspar, who
 tragically committed suicide in 1975. Anne died in 1981.

 A – List of Ian Fleming novels
 This is a complete list of Ian Fleming's Bond novels.

 Title fn. Year
 ----- --- ----
 Casino Royale 1953
 Live And Let Die 1954
 Moonraker 1955
 Diamonds Are Forever 1956
 From Russia, With Love 1957
 Doctor No 1958
 Goldfinger 1959
 For Your Eyes Only 1960
 Thunderball (A) 1961
 The Spy Who Loved Me 1962
 On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1963
 You Only Live Twice 1964
 007 In New York (short story) (B) 1964
 The Man With The Golden Gun 1965
 Octopussy 1966

 (A) Based on a treatment by Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham & Ian Fleming
 (See Brief #2, Section #10, F "Thunderball"/"Never Say Never Again")
 (B) This story appears in American Editions of Fleming's book "Thrilling
 Cities"

 B – Stories to read in order
 The books follow a chronological sequence, and later books occasionally
 refer to other earlier books, but you can read most of them in any order 
 you
 like. However, it is highly recommended that you at least read "From 
 Russia,
 With Love" before "Doctor No" and please be aware that "Thunderball", "On
 Her Majesty's Secret Service", "You Only Live Twice", and "The Man with 
 The
 Golden Gun" form a 'quadrilogy' that should be read in order.

 It is worth mentioning that Fleming last worked on "The Man With The 
 Golden
 Gun". "Octopussy" was released posthumously as well, but "Gun", which 
 picks
 up directly from "You Only Live Twice", is the true swan song of Fleming's
 character.

 C – Who wrote The Spy Who Loved Me?
 Ian Fleming did. The story is the most left-field Bond adventure, with the
 first two-thirds about the tough life of Vivienne Michel and Bond not
 appearing until the final chapters. Fleming wrote in the foreword that he
 had "found the manuscript" sitting on his desk at the Goldeneye retreat he
 owned in Jamaica. It was only a joke. The novel was the worst received of
 Fleming's canon and he was so disenchanted with it that he only allowed 
 the
 title rights sold, specifically preventing the storyline to be used.

 D – The Kennedy myth
 One of the things that helped Fleming's books get noticed in the United
 States was a plug by President John F. Kennedy. But the episode may not be
 factual. Leading longtime Bond memorabilia collector and fan Alan
 Stephenson (<mailto:klaus...@aol.com) disputes this claim with the
 following revelation:

 "This is one of those bits of urban legend. While Kennedy is known to have
 read Fleming, this whole business of him admiring Bond and relishing 'From
 Russia With Love' may owe more to his image-makers than JFK himself."

 "Kennedy's press secretary, Pierre Salinger, was asked for a list of the
 President's preferred reading. That list was essentially a work of fiction
 itself: The secretary invented the whole thing, selecting titles that 
 would
 make Kennedy appear well rounded yet in-touch with the popular culture. If
 JFK had generated the list himself, it's unknown if 'From Russia With 
 Love'
 would have ultimately appeared."

 E – SMERSH
 SMERSH is a conjunction of two Russian words: "Smiert Spionam" ("Death to
 Spies"). They were the Soviet Secret Service's murder organization that 
 Bond
 faces in most of the early novels. SMERSH was a real organization for a 
 time
 but they had been swept into the KGB by the time Fleming featured them in
 "From Russia, With Love". While no Bond film featured them as a main 
 villain
 (the "Russia" movie used SPECTRE instead) "The Living Daylights" used the
 idea of a reformed SMERSH as a red herring proliferated by Georgi Koskov.

 F – SPECTRE
 Fleming had a real affection for this word. He created a Spectreville in
 "Diamonds Are Forever", made the decoding machine in "From Russia, With
 Love" a Spektor, and finally, beginning with "Thunderball", created the
 SPecial Executive for Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Revenge, and
 Extortion, SPECTRE. The leader of SPECTRE was Ernst Stavro Blofeld,
 Fleming's most famous villainous creation.

 SPECTRE is normally spelled as one word. The original British Cape edition
 of Fleming's "Thunderball" made it S.P.E.C.T.R.E. (though the dots were
 dropped in Fleming's later books), and that spelling continues to crop up 
 in
 various books about the Bond series. The spelling S.P.E.C.T.R.E. also
 appeared in the trailer for the film "From Russia With Love". It seems odd
 since the "P" does not stand for a word.

 G – Does Bond die in From Russia With Love?
 No, but readers were meant to think so upon its initial release. At the 
 end
 of the book, Bond falls to the ground having been stabbed with Rosa 
 Klebb's
 shoe knife. It was often reported that Fleming intended to kill off James
 Bond, and his contemporary, author Raymond Chandler, talked him out of it.
 While the book had an intentional cliffhanger, the idea it was the end of
 Bond is an oft-reported myth.

 Some sources suggest Fleming never gave a moment's thought to ending the
 series, and other merely that he was bored and left his options open. As 
 far
 as the Chandler story, the truth was that Chandler was asked to review the
 previous book, "Diamonds Are Forever", and suggested that Fleming could, 
 and
 should, do better. Fleming was inspired by the criticism and completed
 "Russia". He originally had Bond and Tatiana end up together but near the
 end of completing it he changed the final scene to the published version.

 But that seems to be more to stimulate interest than to kill James Bond.
 That May, according to Andrew Lycett's thorough biography, Fleming 
 received
 a letter from Geoffrey Boothroyd (see Brief 4 Section 2 for details) and 
 by
 August Fleming had promised to include Boothroyd's ideas in the "next"
 adventure he would write, which became "Doctor No". At the time he was
 completing the final cover design for the unreleased "Russia", among other
 projects. While he was concerned personal matters would interfere with his
 writing schedule the following year, Fleming knew he would be writing a 
 new
 Bond novel to continue his series.

 3 – Post-Fleming periods
 A – Kingsley Amis' novel
 Well-known British author Kingsley Amis, was offered a chance to continue
 the series after Fleming's death. He was originally credited under the
 pseudonym Robert Markham, as part of a plan to have multiple authors use
 that alias over time, but the immediate response was lackluster and he
 produced only one book.

 It has been opined that he 'completed' "The Man With The Golden Gun"
 following Fleming's death by some sources. Others claim Glidrose had it
 finished and merely had him critique it. Hopefully the truth can be
 verified.

 Title fn. Year
 ----- --- ----
 Colonel Sun (A) 1968

 (A) Original printings listed the pseudonym Robert Markham

 B – List of the John Gardner novels
 It was not until 1981 that the Bond series was revived once again. Anne
 Fleming, following Amis' novel, had wanted the books to cease. Upon her
 death the publishing company, Glidrose, hired British author John Gardner
 who published a new novel almost every year until the spring of 1996. He
 retired after equaling Fleming's total of fourteen original novels, 
 Gardner
 feeling the novelizations of the movies did not count. Gardner was already
 an established writer, best known for the series of "Boysie Oakes" novels,
 such as "The Liquidator".

 When assuming the mantle, Gardner's only direction was that he was not to
 make any mention of the offspring of Bond alluded to in "You Only Live
 Twice" and that Bond would be set in present time.

 Title fn. Year
 ----- --- ----
 Licence Renewed 1981
 For Special Services 1982
 Icebreaker 1983
 Role Of Honour 1984
 Nobody Lives Forever 1986
 No Deals, Mr. Bond 1987
 Scorpius 1988
 Win, Lose Or Die 1989
 Brokenclaw 1990
 Licence To Kill (A) 1990
 The Man From Barbarossa 1991
 Death Is Forever 1992
 Never Send Flowers 1993
 SeaFire 1994
 GoldenEye (A) 1995
 Cold (B) 1996

 (A) A novelization of the film
 (B) U.S.A. copies titled "Cold Fall"

 1 – Stories to read in order
 To fully appreciate Gardner's works, read his last three original books
 in order, "Never Send Flowers", "Seafire" and "Cold", as a story arc links
 them. He also had his own SPECTRE trilogy with "For Special Services", 
 "Role
 Of Honour" and "Nobody Lives Forever", with a separate story separating 
 them
 a la "The Spy Who Loved Me" for Fleming.

 Gardner had to write the "GoldenEye" novelization prior to writing Sir 
 Miles
 out of the M position, shown in "Cold", so reading them in reverse order 
 of
 release is actually preferable.

 C – List of the Raymond Benson novels
 American Raymond Benson assumed the mantle of Ian Fleming with his first
 James Bond book in 1997 and released a new novel annually, as well as 
 short
 stories and novelizations of the Bond films released during his run. He
 borrowed Fleming's tradition of using names of friends and acquaintances
 into his novels. Some of those names are frequent posters to the 
 newsgroup.
 Benson authored the fantastic "James Bond Bedside Companion" reference 
 book
 before being given the helm of Bond author. He is a Texan who resides near
 Chicago. He stopped writing the novels annually in 2003.

 Glidrose told Benson that he could pick and choose what came before him in
 Gardner's works in forming continuity. He also agreed upon taking the job 
 to
 keep Bond in the present day and use the new M, Barbara Mawdsley, as the
 films were using at the time.

 Title fn. Year
 ----- --- ----
 Blast From The Past (short story) (A) 1997
 Zero Minus Ten 1997
 Tomorrow Never Dies (B) 1997
 The Facts Of Death 1998
 Midsummer Night's Doom (short story) (C) 1999
 High Time To Kill 1999
 The World Is Not Enough (B) 1999
 Live At Five (short story) (D) 1999
 Doubleshot 2000
 Never Dream Of Dying 2001
 The Man With The Red Tattoo 2002
 Die Another Day (B) 2002

 (A) Published in the January 1997 issue of "Playboy" magazine
 (B) A novelization of the film
 (C) Published in the January 1999 issue of "Playboy" magazine
 (D) Published in a November 1999 issue of "TV Guide" magazine

 1 – Stories to read in order
 Benson used a criminal organization called the Union that spread through
 three of his novels. You should read "High Time To Kill", "Doubleshot" and
 "Never Dream Of Dying" in order.

 D – Other Glidrose novels featuring Bond
 Glidrose, the publishing company with rights to James Bond material, have
 allowed a few books that were not strictly a part of the "James Bond 
 novels"
 canon proper to be issued.

 Title Author fn. Year
 ----- ------ --- ----
 The Adventures of James Bond Junior-003 1/2 R.D. Mascott (A) 1967
 James Bond-The Authorized Biography of 007 John Pearson 1973
 James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me Christopher Wood (B) 1977
 James Bond And Moonraker Christopher Wood (B) 1979

 (A) Released under the pseudonym R.D. Mascott
 (B) A novelization of the film

 "The Adventures of James Bond Junior-003 1/2" is a children's book 
 featuring
 a title character who is the son of Bond's brother David, (not a creation 
 of
 Fleming) who intercedes against a heist of gold bullion. Glidrose licensed
 it. The author's true identity was kept secret for 34 years, but was
 confirmed by his executors to be British literary author Arthur
 Calder-Marshall (1908-1992).

 Pearson's book is a work of fiction portraying the life of a "real" James
 Bond in correlation to Fleming's adventures.

 Wood co-wrote the screenplay for "The Spy Who Loved Me" with Richard 
 Maibaum
 and got full credit for "Moonraker", and then novelized those scripts.

 E – Reference books
 There are also many reference books about James Bond on screen and in 
 print.
 While many are good, I recommend two in particular. Steven Jay Rubin's 
 "The
 Complete James Bond Movie Encyclopedia", updated in 1995, provides a 
 wealth
 of information of the celluloid Bond up to "GoldenEye". The current Bond
 novel author, Raymond Benson, wrote the splendid "The James Bond Bedside
 Companion" in 1983 (revised in 1987) that gives a wonderful overview of
 Fleming's canon, as well as everything else Bond to date. It has just been
 returned to print. Go to PublishingOnline.com for details.

 4 – Fan fiction
 Bond is a copyrighted product and Glidrose, the company who owns Bond's
 literary rights, does look out to protect their product. Using Bond in a
 published story (and using the internet as a forum IS publishing it) 
 breaks
 the copyright law unless Glidrose grants the right to do so. Perhaps no
 action would be taken, but it could be. And Glidrose is rightly concerned
 that if a fan would use their property with the capability to produce a
 professional looking presentation, the line would blur. Others may see the
 fan fiction, and because of it be less inclined to view their legitimate
 property.

 There is merit to the idea that fans do the series no harm in showing 
 their
 enjoyment of the character and that it should not be misconstrued for the
 real product. But the fact is it can be. If you feel creative create your
 own original character. You will garner legitimate praise and possible
 notice not to be had with being an imitator.

 BRIEF #4 – WHEN BOOK AND FILM INTERSECT

 1 – Films and books – links or broken links?
 The newsgroup often notes that Sean Connery's films did not, for the most
 part, stray far from Fleming's novels in term of storyline. While 
 continuity
 was altered and some stories forgone the general consensus is that until
 Moore took over the film series was a successful adaptation of Ian 
 Fleming's
 character.

 His titles lasted a bit longer. Every film from "Dr. No" through "The 
 Living
 Daylights" was a Fleming title. (EON shortened "'From' A View To A Kill".)
 By then they had run out of usable ones. But some of the screenplays,
 notably "You Only Live Twice", "Moonraker" and "A View To A Kill", bore
 little resemblance to the original Fleming story.

 EON has never used a Bond novel written by anyone other that Fleming, 
 either
 by title or plot. There is no reason in their viewpoint to do so. They 
 would
 have to pay for use of the material and title, and choose instead to hire
 script makers to create original stories. This is why no Gardner or Benson
 novel has been made into film, and why they doubtfully ever will be.

 2 – Explain the names "M" & "Q"
 When Mansfield Cumming was head of the real SIS he would sign documents he
 finished reading with a single letter "C". His replacement continued using
 "C" as a *title* though it had no bearing on his name. Fleming could have,
 one easily surmises, borrowed this fact for his creation. Fleming did name
 the character Admiral Sir Miles Messervy (though the name did not appear
 until "Golden Gun") but in keeping with the real C, it holds that any
 replacement would continue using M. It cannot be conclusively stated that
 Fleming didn't just borrow the title from the way he actually addressed 
 his
 mother or that it is a coincidence that the female M is named Barbara
 Mawdsley.

 Q Branch is the Quartermaster Branch, the supplier of weapons and 
 protective
 devices for the Double-O section. The head of the Branch, from the novel
 "Doctor No", is Major Boothroyd, dubbed the "Armourer". (A real man,
 Geoffrey Boothroyd, was a weapons expert who convinced Fleming that Bond
 should use a Walther instead of a Beretta, but the fictional character is
 never called "Geoffrey".) The first EON Bond film of the same name also 
 uses
 the Major's real surname. Peter Burton played him, succeeded afterward by
 Desmond Llewelyn, who was also called Boothroyd in "The Spy Who Loved Me".
 Nicknamed the "Armourer" at first, the James Bond of the movies began 
 using
 the Branch's first letter as a shorter moniker for Boothroyd. That is Q.
 Llewelyn died tragically in December 1999. John Cleese, hired before his
 death as an eventual replacement, was called both "Quartermaster" and "Q" 
 in
 "Die Another Day". His character's real name is unknown.

 3 – What other "00" agents are mentioned?
 In the James Bond films, a number of 00 agents have been depicted over the
 years:

 002 - Bill Fairbanks, assassinated in Beirut by Francisco Scaramanga in 
 1969
 ("The Man With The Golden Gun"); replaced by another agent who is quickly
 captured during a training mission at Gibraltar ("The Living Daylights")

 003 - Found dead in the Siberian ice ("A View To A Kill")

 004 - Assassinated during a training mission at Gibraltar ("The Living
 Daylights")

 006 - Alec Trevelyan, listed dead by MI6 at the hands of Soviet Colonel
 Ourumov during a mission with 007 to blow-up a Soviet nerve gas 
 factory...at
 least for a while ("GoldenEye")

 008 - Bond's replacement, should he be unable to complete his mission
 ("Goldfinger" and "The Living Daylights")

 009 - Assassinated in West Berlin by a circus knife-thrower after stealing 
 a
 Faberge egg ("Octopussy"); a new 009 was named as the man who put the 
 bullet
 in Renard's head ("The World Is Not Enough")

 0012 - Technically unnamed in the film, the novelization of "The World Is
 Not Enough" has Bond avenging his death in the opening scene. On screen he
 is simply referred to as an MI6 agent

 In addition, the movie "Thunderball" has Moneypenny state the "every
 Double-O man in Europe" is in the conference room, and Bond arrives as the
 ninth agent to be briefed. Whether this means that the agents are 001
 through 009 or not is never stated, as it COULD be 002 through 0010, for
 instance. And perhaps we should consider that some Double-0's were not in
 Europe and missed the meeting. Sharp eyes also could not miss the moment 
 in
 "The World Is Not Enough" when Moneypenny distributes assignment folders 
 to
 other agents, one of which is a woman.

 While Miranda Frost in "Die Another Day" is an MI6 agent, it is never 
 stated
 she is a "Double-O", and we only learn that her experience was three years
 in cryptography before the Graves' assignment.

 For the novels according to Ian Fleming, James Bond was originally the
 senior member of only three agents in the Section. At the time of the
 "Moonraker" mission, 008 (known only as 'Bill') had just escaped from East
 Berlin, while 0011 had vanished in Singapore just two months before.
 Although 008 surfaced again in "Goldfinger" (listed as Bond's replacement,
 should he have failed), 0011 was never heard from again. 009 was briefly
 mentioned in "Thunderball". In "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", Bond was
 even odds to "get" Mary Goodnight first with an ex-Royal Marine Commando 
 who
 was 006, making Fleming's total of 00 agents -- including 007 -- five.

 Kingsley Amis' "Colonel Sun" noted that the head of station G in Athens 
 had
 served as "005" before "an eye defect had begun to impair his ability with
 firearms." (Submitted by Donal Rogers <donalrog...@iolfree.ie)

 In "Zero Minus Ten" Raymond Benson includes a scene with the "Single-O's"
 who are working toward a "00" classification.

 4 – The Walther and other machinations
 In the Fleming novels, Bond started out with a .25 Beretta. In "Doctor No"
 he was ordered to begin carrying a Walther PPK 7.65mm as his standard 
 issue
 firearm, though he used other guns here and there during the series. 
 Gardner
 introduced Bond to a variety of weapons, including a Browning 9mm, the 
 Ruger
 Super Blackhawk .44 Magnum (which Bond carried in violation of 
 regulations),
 and the ASP 9mm. Raymond Benson's tenure saw Bond reclaim the PPK, and 
 also
 begin using the Walther P99, concurrent with the films Benson novelized.

 Also of note, Bond mentions in the novel "Doctor No" that he has used 
 larger
 weapons, like the .45 Colt with a long barrel, when needed, but for
 concealment he preferred the Beretta. Though he would keep the PPK the
 remainder of the series, at the time he was ordered to use it he made his
 preference for the Beretta known. (Submitted by James Tox)

 As the first Bond film was "Dr. No", we see Bond ordered to give up the
 Beretta for the PPK without ever seeing the former in action. Bond did
 handle other equipment from time to time but the PPK has been the film's
 mainstay, though "Tomorrow Never Dies" and "The World Is Not Enough"
 featured the P99 in their ad campaigns and in the films as well, and it is
 now seemingly Bond's standard issue.

 Bond has gone through a few cars as well. The novels initially had him 
 using
 a Bentley and in "Goldfinger" Q Branch issued him a souped-up work 
 vehicle,
 the Aston Martin DB3. (Submitted by Barry King <Byron.K...@wcom.com) The
 films recreated this scene, with the since-released DB5. Since then Bond 
 has
 used other Aston Martin's, Lotus' and BMW's.

 5 – Bright Leiter
 The novels and the films never had the chance to follow a continuous
 pattern. Bond meets Leiter for the first time in the initial showing of
 each, but in different stories. In the novels, Leiter's second appearance,
 in "Live And Let Die", has him brutally maimed by a shark. He returns on
 occasion after that. The films used him often, but did not feature the 
 shark
 attack until "Licence To Kill", some sixteen films into the series. When 
 the
 movie came out, Bond author John Gardner decided to try to fit the scene
 into Fleming's continuity when writing the novelization, and explained 
 that
 Felix was fed to a shark again. Perhaps the two mediums should remain 
 split.

 BRIEF #5 – MORE SOURCES ON JAMES BOND

 1 – The websites
 There are many interesting, exciting and grand websites dedicated to James
 Bond. Here are some of them that the FAQ feels merit special attention.

 http://www.ianfleming.org - Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang! The Web Magazine of
 The Ian Fleming Foundation
 Since 1996 "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang!" has been the premiere on-line
 resource for James Bond information. With its combination of timely news
 reports, in-depth articles and cutting-edge design, MKKBB has earned a 
 daily
 readership in the thousands, a host of awards and positive press coverage 
 in
 media outlets across the world. It is the website that keeps this FAQ
 online.

 http://www.jamesbond.com - The Official James Bond Website
 Look here for some on-the-scene reporting of the new film as it is in
 production.

 http://www.hmss.com - Her Majesty's Secret Servant
 A webzine run by alt-fan-james-bond's most illustrious contributors.

 http://www.bondian.com/ - Bondian . Com
 The definitive work on the printed Bond.

 http://www.Raymondbenson.com - Raymond Benson . com
 The official website of Bond author Raymond Benson.

 http://www.klast.net/bond/index.html - James Bond Agent 007, OHMSS
 Kimberly Last's acclaimed site that serves as the largest search engine
 of James Bond material.

 http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/index.htm - The Bond Film Informant
 Matt Newton's site includes the "James Bond Secret Service FAQ" at
 http://www.mjnewton.demon.co.uk/bond/jbssfaq.htm and is a fine effort.

 http://www.artofjamesbond.com - Art of James Bond
 Red Grant's beautiful tribute to the classic look of Bond.

 http://www.commanders.com/ - Commanders Club
 A unique site dedicated to the Bond lifestyle.

 http://www.007.com - 007.com
 The official website by EON Productions. Nice but very demanding on 
 plug-ins
 and Internet connection speed.

 http://www.nuvs.com/jbond/ - Nuv's OO7 Shrine
 Download megabytes of trailers, rare videos and sound clips. 
 Professionally
 designed.

 http://publishingOnline.com – Featuring Raymond Benson's "The James Bond
 Bedside Companion" as a print-on-demand" book and his non-Bond serial 
 novel,
 "Evil Hours".

 2 – The fan clubs
 There are several fan clubs devoted to Bond. Before joining any of them,
 however, you might want to ask around the newsgroup for opinions, since 
 some
 clubs have better reputations than others. Below are some of biggest fan
 clubs and organizations.

 The Ian Fleming Foundation (<www.ianfleming.org)
 PO Box 6897
 Santa Barbara, CA 93160

 Club James Bond 007 (<www.jamesbond007.net)
 Club James Bond France (www.jamesbond007.net)
 119 avenue Fιlix faure
 75015 Paris France
 E-mail - clubjamesb...@online.fr

 The James Bond 007 Fan Club (<www.thejamesbondfanclub.com)
 PO Box 007
 Addlestone Weybridge Surrey
 KT15 1DY ENGLAND
 E-mail - j...@globalnet.co.uk
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

 Hopefully this FAQ has answered your general questions about James Bond. 
 If
 not please send an E-mail to Ronald Miehls at miehls@bright.net . Any 
 errors
 or corrections should be sent there as well, and please include the 
 specific
 Brief and Section. Please remember, a FAQ covers FREQUENTLY asked 
 questions
 and is not meant to show off arcane or trivial knowledge, however original
 it may be. Keep this is mind if you have a submission request.

 Remember, alt.fan.james-bond welcomes you to join in the thrill of James
 Bond. This is your FAQ and you are entitled to voice your opinion about 
 it.
 Thank you.